FERRO'S
200 W 31ST ST, CHICAGO, IL 60616 · Restaurant
20 inspections
- Canvass
2 infractions
- 45. SINGLE-USE/SINGLE-SERVICE ARTICLES: PROPERLY STORED & USED
- OBSERVED SINGLE SERVICE ARTICLES STORED ON FLOOR IN AT FRONT REGISTER AREA. INSTRUCTED MANAGER TO ELEVATE ALL SINGLE SERVICE ARTICLES OFF FLOOR.
- 51. PLUMBING INSTALLED; PROPER BACKFLOW DEVICES
- OBSERVED LEAKY FAUCET AT THREE COMPARTMENT SINK. INSTRUCTED TO REPAIR AND MAINTAIN.
- 45. SINGLE-USE/SINGLE-SERVICE ARTICLES: PROPERLY STORED & USED
- Canvass
0 infractions
- Canvass
0 infractions
- Complaint
3 infractions
- 41. WIPING CLOTHS: PROPERLY USED & STORED
- ALL WIPING CLOTHS MUST BE STORED IN A CLEAN SANITIZING SOLUTION WHEN NOT IN USE. INSTRUCTED TO CORRECT AND MAINTAIN.
- 47. FOOD & NON-FOOD CONTACT SURFACES CLEANABLE, PROPERLY DESIGNED, CONSTRUCTED & USED
- CUTTING BOARDS IN NEED OF CLEANING. INSTRUCTED TO CORRECT
- 49. NON-FOOD/FOOD CONTACT SURFACES CLEAN
- DOOR HANDLES TO REACH IN COOLERS IN NEED OF CLEANING TO REMOVE FOOD SPILLS. INSTRUCTED TO CORRECT
- 41. WIPING CLOTHS: PROPERLY USED & STORED
- Canvass
4 infractions
- 10. ADEQUATE HANDWASHING SINKS PROPERLY SUPPLIED AND ACCESSIBLE
- HANDWASHING SIGNS NEEDED AT HANDWASH SINK. INSTRUCTED TO POST AND MAINTAIN.
- 47. FOOD & NON-FOOD CONTACT SURFACES CLEANABLE, PROPERLY DESIGNED, CONSTRUCTED & USED
- LARGE CAN OPENER IN NEED OF CLEANING TO REMOVE FOOD BUILD UP. INSTRUCTED TO CLEAN AND MAINTAIN.
- 57. ALL FOOD EMPLOYEES HAVE FOOD HANDLER TRAINING
- ALL FOOD HANDLERS IN NEED OF FOOD HANDLER CERTIFICATES. INSTRUCTED TO OBTAIN AND MAINTAIN.
- 58. ALLERGEN TRAINING AS REQUIRED
- ALL SANITATION CERTIFICATE HOLDERS MUST HAVE ALLERGEN CERTIFICATES. INSTRUCTED TO OBTAIN AND MAINTAIN.
- 10. ADEQUATE HANDWASHING SINKS PROPERLY SUPPLIED AND ACCESSIBLE
- Complaint
5 infractions
- 40. PERSONAL CLEANLINESS
- INSTRUCTED MANAGER THAT ANY EMPLOYEE IN THE FOOD PREP AREAS MUST ALWAYS WEAR PROPER HAIR RESTRAIN.
- 49. NON-FOOD/FOOD CONTACT SURFACES CLEAN
- MUST CLEAN THE SHELVES INSIDE THE WALK IN COOLER TO REMOVE SPILLS.
- 53. TOILET FACILITIES: PROPERLY CONSTRUCTED, SUPPLIED, & CLEANED
- INSTRUCTED MANAGER TO PROVIDE AND MAINTAIN A COVERED GARBAGE CAN IN THE WASHROOM AS REQUIRED.
- 57. ALL FOOD EMPLOYEES HAVE FOOD HANDLER TRAINING
- INSTRUCTED MANAGER TO COMPLY WITH THE FOOD HANDLER REQUIREMENT OR CITATIONS WILL FOLLOW.
- 58. ALLERGEN TRAINING AS REQUIRED
- INSTRUCTED MANAGER THAT ALL CITY CERTIFIED MANAGER MUST PROVIDE AND MAINTAIN ALLERGEN TRAINING AS REQUIRED OR CITATIONS WILL FOLLOW.
- 40. PERSONAL CLEANLINESS
- Canvass
4 infractions
- 40. PERSONAL CLEANLINESS
- FOUND FOOD HANDLERS NOT WEARING HAIR RESTRAINTS. INSTRUCTED TO HAVE ALL FOOD HANDLERS AND PERSONNEL IN THE FOOD PREP AREAS TO WEAR A HAIR RESTRAINT.
- 47. FOOD & NON-FOOD CONTACT SURFACES CLEANABLE, PROPERLY DESIGNED, CONSTRUCTED & USED
- CUTTING BOARDS WITH DEEP, DARK GROOVES AND STAINS. INSTRUCTED TO SAND OR REPLACE TO MAKE SMOOTH AND EASILY CLEANABLE. MAINTAIN.
- 49. NON-FOOD/FOOD CONTACT SURFACES CLEAN
- THICK ICE BUILD UP IN THE ICE CREAM FREEZER IN THE FRONT PREP AREA. INSTRUCTED TO REMOVE AND MAINTAIN.
- 53. TOILET FACILITIES: PROPERLY CONSTRUCTED, SUPPLIED, & CLEANED
- THE TRASH RECEPTACLE IN THE TOILET ROOM HAS NO LID. INSTRUCTED TO PROVIDE A LID TO THE TRASH RECEPTACLE. MAINTAIN SAME.
- 40. PERSONAL CLEANLINESS
- Canvass
6 infractions
- 3. MANAGEMENT, FOOD EMPLOYEE AND CONDITIONAL EMPLOYEE; KNOWLEDGE, RESPONSIBILITIES AND REPORTING
- NO EMPLOYEE HEALTH POLICY ON PREMISES AS REQUIRED; MUST PROVIDE. INSTRUCTED THE PERSON IN CHARGE TO PROVIDE DOCUMENTATION OF EMPLOYEES RESPONSIBILITY TO REPORT ANY ILLNESS TRANSMISSIBLE THROUGH FOOD. PRIORITY FOUNDATION VIOLATION 7-38-010.
- 5. PROCEDURES FOR RESPONDING TO VOMITING AND DIARRHEAL EVENTS
- NO VOMIT AND DIARRHEA CLEAN UP PROCEDURE ON PREMISES AS REQUIRED; MUST PROVIDE. INSTRUCTED THE PERSON IN CHARGE THAT A VOMIT AND DIARRHEAL CLEAN UP PROCEDURE MUST BE DOCUMENTED AND THE NECESSARY SUPPLIES ON HAND IN THE EVENT OF A VOMIT AND DIARRHEAL INCIDENT ON PREMISES. PRIORITY FOUNDATION VIOLATION 7-38-005.
- 25. CONSUMER ADVISORY PROVIDED FOR RAW/UNDERCOOKED FOOD
- NO CONSUMER ADVISORY NOTICE ON MENU BOARD WARNING CUSTOMERS AGAINST CONSUMING UNDERCOOKED FOODS; MUST PROVIDE. A CONSUMER ADVISORY NOTICE MUST BE POSTED ALONG WITH DISCLOSURE/REMINDER STATEMENTS FOR CONSUMERS FOR MENU ITEMS THAT CAN BE UNDERCOOKED SUCH AS EGGS, STEAK AND HAMBURGERS. CONSUMER ADVISORY FOOD CODE CHANGE FORM GIVEN. PRIORITY FOUNDATION VIOLATION 7-38-005.
- 49. NON-FOOD/FOOD CONTACT SURFACES CLEAN
- OBSERVED GREASE AT THE BOTTOM AREA OF FRYER; INSTRUCTED TO CLEAN AND REMOVE GREASE.
- 57. ALL FOOD EMPLOYEES HAVE FOOD HANDLER TRAINING
- OBSERVED EXPIRED FOOD HANDLER TRAINING CERTIFICATES. INSTRUCTED THE PERSON IN CHARGE THAT ALL FOOD HANDLERS MUST OBTAIN VALID CERTIFICATES.
- 58. ALLERGEN TRAINING AS REQUIRED
- INSTRUCTED THE PERSON IN CHARGE THAT ALL CITY OF CHICAGO FOOD SERVICE MANAGERS MUST OBTAIN THE REQUIRED FOOD ALLERGEN TRAINING.
- 3. MANAGEMENT, FOOD EMPLOYEE AND CONDITIONAL EMPLOYEE; KNOWLEDGE, RESPONSIBILITIES AND REPORTING
- Canvass
1 infraction
- 35. WALLS, CEILINGS, ATTACHED EQUIPMENT CONSTRUCTED PER CODE: GOOD REPAIR, SURFACES CLEAN AND DUST-LESS CLEANING METHODS
- MUST SEAL HOLE IN WALL NEAR OFFICE. CORRECT AND MAINTAIN
- 35. WALLS, CEILINGS, ATTACHED EQUIPMENT CONSTRUCTED PER CODE: GOOD REPAIR, SURFACES CLEAN AND DUST-LESS CLEANING METHODS
- Canvass
2 infractions
- 34. FLOORS: CONSTRUCTED PER CODE, CLEANED, GOOD REPAIR, COVING INSTALLED, DUST-LESS CLEANING METHODS USED
- CLEAN FLOOR AT FRONT COLD PREP STATION OF DEBRIS AND FOOD SPILLS.
- 43. FOOD (ICE) DISPENSING UTENSILS, WASH CLOTHS PROPERLY STORED
- PROPERLY STORE WASH CLOTHS IN BUCKET OF WATER WITH SANITIZING SOLUTION WHEN NOT IN USE.
- 34. FLOORS: CONSTRUCTED PER CODE, CLEANED, GOOD REPAIR, COVING INSTALLED, DUST-LESS CLEANING METHODS USED
- Canvass
1 infraction
- 35. WALLS, CEILINGS, ATTACHED EQUIPMENT CONSTRUCTED PER CODE: GOOD REPAIR, SURFACES CLEAN AND DUST-LESS CLEANING METHODS
- SOME DUST OBSERVED ON THE FAN COVER IN THE WALK-IN COOLER; REMOVE DUST OBSERVED.
- 35. WALLS, CEILINGS, ATTACHED EQUIPMENT CONSTRUCTED PER CODE: GOOD REPAIR, SURFACES CLEAN AND DUST-LESS CLEANING METHODS
- Canvass
5 infractions
- 6. HANDS WASHED AND CLEANED, GOOD HYGIENIC PRACTICES; NO BARE HAND CONTACT WITH READY-TO-EAT FOODS.
- POOR HYGIENIC PRACTIECES AMONG FOOD HANDLERS, OBSERVED AN EMPLOYEE GOING FROM HANDLING CASH REGISTER TO PREPARING READY-TO-EAT FOODS WITH BARE HANDS WITHOUT WASHING HANDS, EMPLOYEE WASHING HANDS IN 3-COMP SINK, INSTRUCTED MGR TO HAVE EMPLOYEES WASH HANDS PROPERLY, AND WASH HANDS ONLY AT EXPOSED HAND WASH SINKS, CRITICAL CITAITON ISSUED 7-38-030.
- 31. CLEAN MULTI-USE UTENSILS AND SINGLE SERVICE ARTICLES PROPERLY STORED: NO REUSE OF SINGLE SERVICE ARTICLES
- EMPTY PLASTIC JUGS WITH NARROW OPENING BEING RE-USED AS A MULTI-USE UTENSIL, INSTRUCTED TO USE PREOPR CONTAINERS.
- 35. WALLS, CEILINGS, ATTACHED EQUIPMENT CONSTRUCTED PER CODE: GOOD REPAIR, SURFACES CLEAN AND DUST-LESS CLEANING METHODS
- EXPOSED INSULATION AT DRY STORAGE ROOM CEILING, INSTRUCTED TO COVER.
- 42. APPROPRIATE METHOD OF HANDLING OF FOOD (ICE) HAIR RESTRAINTS AND CLEAN APPAREL WORN
- FOOD HANDLERS NOT WEARING HAIR RESTAINTS. INSTRUCTED TO WEAR.
- 45. FOOD HANDLER REQUIREMENTS MET
- FOOD HANDLERS REQUIRMENT NOT MET.
- 6. HANDS WASHED AND CLEANED, GOOD HYGIENIC PRACTICES; NO BARE HAND CONTACT WITH READY-TO-EAT FOODS.
- Canvass
2 infractions
- 38. VENTILATION: ROOMS AND EQUIPMENT VENTED AS REQUIRED: PLUMBING: INSTALLED AND MAINTAINED
- ADDITIONAL EXPOSED HADNSINK NEEDED FOR FRONT ICE CREAM SERVICE AREA. EXPOSED HAND SINK MUST BE CONVENIENT AND ACCESSIBLE AND NOT WITHIN WASHROOM.
- 40. REFRIGERATION AND METAL STEM THERMOMETERS PROVIDED AND CONSPICUOUS
- OBSERVED WALK IN AND REACH IN REFRIGERATORS WITHOUT INTERNAL THERMOMETERS. SUPPLY INTERNAL THERMOMETERS AND HAVE STAFF CHECK THEM OFTEN TO INSURE THAT REFRIGERATION UNITS ARE ALWAYS MAINTAINING 40F OR LESS.
- 38. VENTILATION: ROOMS AND EQUIPMENT VENTED AS REQUIRED: PLUMBING: INSTALLED AND MAINTAINED
- Canvass
1 infraction
- 32. FOOD AND NON-FOOD CONTACT SURFACES PROPERLY DESIGNED, CONSTRUCTED AND MAINTAINED
- NEW CUTTING BOARD NEEDED AT PREP LINE. WORN DISCOLORED MUST REPLACE AND MAINTAIN AT ALL TIMES.
- 32. FOOD AND NON-FOOD CONTACT SURFACES PROPERLY DESIGNED, CONSTRUCTED AND MAINTAINED
- Canvass
2 infractions
- 32. FOOD AND NON-FOOD CONTACT SURFACES PROPERLY DESIGNED, CONSTRUCTED AND MAINTAINED
- FOUND EXPOSED RAW WOOD ABOVE EXPOSED HAND SINK.
- 42. APPROPRIATE METHOD OF HANDLING OF FOOD (ICE) HAIR RESTRAINTS AND CLEAN APPAREL WORN
- FOODHANDLER NOT WEARING HAIR RESTRAINT.
- 32. FOOD AND NON-FOOD CONTACT SURFACES PROPERLY DESIGNED, CONSTRUCTED AND MAINTAINED
- Complaint Re-Inspection
5 infractions
- 32. FOOD AND NON-FOOD CONTACT SURFACES PROPERLY DESIGNED, CONSTRUCTED AND MAINTAINED
- MUST SEAL OR PAINT RAW WOOD SHELVES IN STORAGE GARAGE WHERE NEEDED.
- 34. FLOORS: CONSTRUCTED PER CODE, CLEANED, GOOD REPAIR, COVING INSTALLED, DUST-LESS CLEANING METHODS USED
- MUST DETAIL CLEAN FLOORS UNDER AND BEHIND COOKING EQUIPMENT,UNDER SHELF STORING SODA DISPENCER SYRUP AND WHERE NEEDED.
- 34. FLOORS: CONSTRUCTED PER CODE, CLEANED, GOOD REPAIR, COVING INSTALLED, DUST-LESS CLEANING METHODS USED
- MUST PROVIDE FLOOR TILES IN ICE CREAM SERVICE AREA AND IN HALLWAY LEADING TO EMPLOYEE WASHROOM AND MAKE FLOORS SMOOTH AND EASILY CLEANABLE.
- 41. PREMISES MAINTAINED FREE OF LITTER, UNNECESSARY ARTICLES, CLEANING EQUIPMENT PROPERLY STORED
- MUST BETTER ORAGANIZE CLUTTER IN STORAGE GARAGE. MUST STORE ALL ITEMS 6 INCHES OFF THE FLOOR.
- 43. FOOD (ICE) DISPENSING UTENSILS, WASH CLOTHS PROPERLY STORED
- MUST PROVIDE SANITARY CONTAINERS TO STORE ICE SCOOPS AT FRONT ICE STORAGE BINS.
- 32. FOOD AND NON-FOOD CONTACT SURFACES PROPERLY DESIGNED, CONSTRUCTED AND MAINTAINED
- Complaint
7 infractions
- 29. PREVIOUS MINOR VIOLATION(S) CORRECTED 7-42-090
- FOUND PREVIOUS MINOR VIOLATIONS FROM 8-9-2010 NOT CORRECTED. (32)SEAL RUSTY RACKS INSIDE WALK-IN COOLER. GLASS LIDS AT ITALIAN ICE FREEZER IN POOR REPAIR. MUST REPAIR. (36)MUST PROVIDE LIGHT SHIELD OR SHATTER PROOF BULBS IN WALK-IN-COOLER. (38) INSTALL DIPPER WELL WITH RUNNING WATER FOR ITALIAN ICE SCOOPS. MUST CORRECT ALL MINOR VIOLATIONS BY THE DATE SPECIFIED ON REPORT. SERIOUS CITATION ISSUED 7-42-090
- 32. FOOD AND NON-FOOD CONTACT SURFACES PROPERLY DESIGNED, CONSTRUCTED AND MAINTAINED
- MUST SEAL OR PAINT RAW WOOD SHELVES IN STORAGE GARAGE WHERE NEEDED.
- 34. FLOORS: CONSTRUCTED PER CODE, CLEANED, GOOD REPAIR, COVING INSTALLED, DUST-LESS CLEANING METHODS USED
- MUST DETAIL CLEAN FLOORS UNDER AND BEHIND COOKING EQUIPMENT,UNDER SHELF STORING SODA DISPENCER SYRUP AND WHERE NEEDED.
- 37. TOILET ROOM DOORS SELF CLOSING: DRESSING ROOMS WITH LOCKERS PROVIDED: COMPLETE SEPARATION FROM LIVING/SLEEPING QUARTERS
- MUST REPAIR SELF CLOSING DEVICE AT EMPLOYEE WASHROOM DOOR.
- 38. VENTILATION: ROOMS AND EQUIPMENT VENTED AS REQUIRED: PLUMBING: INSTALLED AND MAINTAINED
- MUST REPAIR LEAKY PIPES UNDER REAR EXPOSED HAND BOWL.
- 41. PREMISES MAINTAINED FREE OF LITTER, UNNECESSARY ARTICLES, CLEANING EQUIPMENT PROPERLY STORED
- MUST BETTER ORAGANIZE CLUTTER IN STORAGE GARAGE. MUST STORE ALL ITEMS 6 INCHES OFF THE FLOOR.
- 43. FOOD (ICE) DISPENSING UTENSILS, WASH CLOTHS PROPERLY STORED
- MUST PROVIDE SANITARY CONTAINERS TO STORE ICE SCOOPS AT FRONT ICE STORAGE BINS.
- 29. PREVIOUS MINOR VIOLATION(S) CORRECTED 7-42-090
- Complaint Re-Inspection
4 infractions
- 32. FOOD AND NON-FOOD CONTACT SURFACES PROPERLY DESIGNED, CONSTRUCTED AND MAINTAINED
- SEAL RUSTY RACKS INSIDE WALK-IN COOLER.
- 32. FOOD AND NON-FOOD CONTACT SURFACES PROPERLY DESIGNED, CONSTRUCTED AND MAINTAINED
- GLASS LIDS AT ITALIAN ICE DISPLAY FREEZER IN POOR REPAIR-TAPE PLACED ON BROKEN GLASS SECTIONS TO HOLD IN PLACE. INSTRUCTED TO REMOVE TAPE AND REPAIR GLASS SECTIONS IN POOR REPAIR.
- 36. LIGHTING: REQUIRED MINIMUM FOOT-CANDLES OF LIGHT PROVIDED, FIXTURES SHIELDED
- PROVIDE LIGHT SHIELD AND OR SHATTER PROOF BULB INSIDE WALK-IN COOLER.
- 38. VENTILATION: ROOMS AND EQUIPMENT VENTED AS REQUIRED: PLUMBING: INSTALLED AND MAINTAINED
- INSTALL DIPPER WELL WITH RUNNING COLD WATER FOR ITALIAN ICE SCOOPS.
- 32. FOOD AND NON-FOOD CONTACT SURFACES PROPERLY DESIGNED, CONSTRUCTED AND MAINTAINED
- Complaint
6 infractions
- 29. PREVIOUS MINOR VIOLATION(S) CORRECTED 7-42-090
- FOUND PREVIOUS MINOR VIOLATIONS FROM REPORT#118298 ON 01/05/10 NOT CORRECTED: #34 INSTRUCTED TO REPAIR CRACKED FLOOR TILES AT PREP AREA, #38 INSTRUCTED TO PROVIDE VENTILATION IN TOILET ROOM. SERIOUS 7-42-090 ISSUED.
- 32. FOOD AND NON-FOOD CONTACT SURFACES PROPERLY DESIGNED, CONSTRUCTED AND MAINTAINED
- DEFROST ITALIAN ICE FREEZERS AND PREP COOLER. SEAL RUSTY RACKS INSIDE WALK-IN COOLER.
- 35. WALLS, CEILINGS, ATTACHED EQUIPMENT CONSTRUCTED PER CODE: GOOD REPAIR, SURFACES CLEAN AND DUST-LESS CLEANING METHODS
- The walls and ceilings shall be in good repair and easily cleaned. SEAL SECTIONS OF EXPOSED INSULATION BY STAFF TOILET ROOM NEXT TO SODA SYRUP DISPENSERS. SEAL WALL SECTIONS AT HAND WASH SINK AND BEHIND THREE COMPARTMENT SINK.
- 36. LIGHTING: REQUIRED MINIMUM FOOT-CANDLES OF LIGHT PROVIDED, FIXTURES SHIELDED
- CLEAN LIGHT SHIELD AT UPRIGHT FREEZER AND REFRIGERATION UNIT. PROVIDE LIGHT SHIELDS FOR LIGHT BULBS IN WALK-IN COOLER.
- 38. VENTILATION: ROOMS AND EQUIPMENT VENTED AS REQUIRED: PLUMBING: INSTALLED AND MAINTAINED
- INSTRUCTED TO REPAIR VENTILATION IN NEWLY INSTALLED CUSTOMER TOILET ROOM LOCATED OUTSIDE PREMISES. INSTALL DIPPER WELL WITH RUNNING COLD WATER FOR ITALIAN ICE SCOOPS.
- 70. NO SMOKING REGULATIONS
- OBSERVED NO SMOKING SIGNS NOT POSTED AT ENTRANCE DOORS. INSTRUCTED TO POST IN EACH PUBLIC PLACE AND PLACE OF EMPLOYMENT WHERE SMOKING IS PROHIBITED SHALL HAVE POSTED AT EVERY ENTRANCE A CONSPICUOUS SIGN STATING THAT SMOKING IS PROHIBITED. NON COMPLIANCE WITH CITY OF CHICAGO CLEAN INDOOR AIR ORDINANCE OF 2008. 7-32-020 (b) ISSUED.
- 29. PREVIOUS MINOR VIOLATION(S) CORRECTED 7-42-090
- Complaint
5 infractions
- 30. FOOD IN ORIGINAL CONTAINER, PROPERLY LABELED: CUSTOMER ADVISORY POSTED AS NEEDED
- All food not stored in the original container shall be stored in properly labeled containers. INSTRUCTED TO LABEL AND DATE READY TO EAT SALAD CONTAINERS.
- 31. CLEAN MULTI-USE UTENSILS AND SINGLE SERVICE ARTICLES PROPERLY STORED: NO REUSE OF SINGLE SERVICE ARTICLES
- Containers and utensils shall be inverted, covered, or otherwise protected from contamination until used. All single-service drinking straws and containers shall be discarded immediately after use.
- 34. FLOORS: CONSTRUCTED PER CODE, CLEANED, GOOD REPAIR, COVING INSTALLED, DUST-LESS CLEANING METHODS USED
- The floors shall be constructed per code, be smooth and easily cleaned, and be kept clean and in good repair. INSTRUCTED TO REPAIR CRACKED FLOOR TILES AT PREP AREA.
- 38. VENTILATION: ROOMS AND EQUIPMENT VENTED AS REQUIRED: PLUMBING: INSTALLED AND MAINTAINED
- Ventilation: All plumbing fixtures, such as toilets, sinks, washbasins, etc., must be adequately trapped, vented, and re-vented and properly connected to the sewer in accordance with the plumbing chapter of the Municipal Code of Chicago and the Rules and Regulations of the Board of Health. INSTRUCTED TO PROVIDE VENTILATION IN TOILET ROOM.
- 42. APPROPRIATE METHOD OF HANDLING OF FOOD (ICE) HAIR RESTRAINTS AND CLEAN APPAREL WORN
- All employees shall be required to use effective hair restraints to confine hair.
- 30. FOOD IN ORIGINAL CONTAINER, PROPERLY LABELED: CUSTOMER ADVISORY POSTED AS NEEDED